Radio Operators

Short and long waves

Directly by the State or its public bodies

Medium waves (OM)

• By direct management of the State or its Public Entities.
• By indirect management through state administrative license.

Frequency Modulation (FM)

• Directly by the Public Administrations or their Public Entities, and indirectly by administrative license by the Local Corporations.
• By indirect management through administrative license granted by the Autonomous Communities.

Digital terrestrial (DAB)

• National Eremu: By direct management, or indirect through state administrative license.
• At Community or local level: By direct management, or indirect through administrative license granted by the Autonomous Communities.

Natural persons

In the case of natural persons, to have the nationality of a Member State of the European Economic Area or that of any State that, in accordance with its internal regulations, recognizes this right to Spanish citizens.

Legal persons

In the case of legal persons, have their registered office established in a Member State of the European Economic Area or in any State that, in accordance with its internal regulations, recognizes this right to Spanish companies.

The holder must have a representative domiciled in Spain for the purposes of notifications.

In the case of legal persons, the participation in their share capital of natural or legal persons who are nationals of countries that are not members of the European Economic Area must comply with the principle of reciprocity.

In addition, the individual participation of a national natural or legal person from countries that are not members of the European Economic Area may not directly or indirectly exceed 25% of the share capital and the total of the shares in the same legal person of various natural or legal persons from countries that are not members of the European Economic Area must be less than 50% of the share capital.

bestowal

The provision under indirect management will require administrative license granted by the Government of Spain for state-wide media, including medium-wave sound broadcasting, and by the Autonomous Communities in the case of media of equal or lower scope than that of an Autonomous Community.

Limitations

The same natural or legal person may not, in any case, directly or indirectly control more than fifty percent of the administrative licences of the terrestrial sound broadcasting service that substantially coincide in its scope of coverage. In any case, the same natural or legal person will not be able to control more than five licenses in the same coverage area.

In the same Autonomous Community no natural or legal person will be able to control more than forty percent of the existing licenses in areas where only a single license is covered.

No natural or legal person may directly or indirectly control more than one third of all the licences of the terrestrial sound broadcasting service with total or partial coverage throughout the territory of the State.

In order to limit the number of licences that can be controlled simultaneously, the number of sound broadcasters directly managed by public bodies shall not be counted when accounting for these limits. For the purposes provided in this article, it shall be understood that there is control when the cases referred to in article 42 of the Commercial Code are given.

The above limits shall apply independently to licences for digital broadcasting and licences for analogue broadcasting.

All audiovisual media service providers, as well as holders of significant shares, must be registered in the State or Autonomous Register, depending on the scope of coverage, of audiovisual media service providers.